Faith and Religion in Jane Eyre by Charlote Brontë Essay...

â€Å"I sincerely, deeply, fervently long to do what is right; and only that† (426). Throughout Jane Eyre, the characters struggle to live out and develop their faiths, according both to God’s will and their own. In Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre, faith and religion are displayed in different forms through the characters of Helen Burns, St. John, and Jane Eyre. Faith in Christ is the stronghold for Helen Burns. She considers living to the glory of God the purpose of her life. Her troubles and sorrows do not sway her faith, for she declares it her â€Å"duty to bear it† (56). For Helen, living a fruitful life means imitating the character of Christ. When Jane inquires why she allows her superiors to treat her unjustly, Helen first replies that Christ†¦show more content†¦Faith and religion rests in the core of Jane’s character and actions, but also causes tension with her independence. At Lowood, she struggles to reconcile her desire to rebel against oppression and injustice with the words of Helen saying to submit like Christ. She chooses to submit, experiencing an â€Å"extraordinary sensation†, feeling â€Å"as if she was a martyr† (67). Through her submissions, she learns to be virtuous. This virtue is challenged when she must choose either to be Rochester’s mistress, or to forsake the man she loves, jeopardizing her happiness. Abiding by God’s law, she leaves, believing that â€Å"God directed [her] to a correct choice† (366). Jane faces her fiercest tension when she faces St. John’s proposal to marry him and become a missionary’s wife. She desires to continue in God’s will, telling St. John that â€Å"I will give my heart to God†, but knows that marrying him goes against her every desire. She wishes to be free from St. John; she desires her independence. She nearly submits, were she â€Å"but convinced that it is God’s will† that she marry St. John (426). She prays for Heaven to â€Å"show [her] the path† (426). Jane truly seeks God’s will, and in return, â€Å"seemed to penetrate very near a Mighty Spirit† (427). Her devotion to God is rewarded as she prays in her â€Å"different way to St. John’s† (427). God releases Jane from a life married to St. John and allows her to return to Rochester and become his wife. Jane’s faith in God allows her to make virtuous

The Impact Of Christian Features On Beowulf - 3125 Words

ELMARRACHI 11 AMINE ELMARRACHI Professor: Dr. Robinson ENG-205 Research paper 11/21/2015 The Impact of Christian Features on Beowulf. Given, the current high profile debate with regard to dating the epic poem Beowulf, it is quite surprising that some scholars go as far as placing it during the Vendel era around 550 - 793 CE. Even though it is considered as a kind of folk tale, many are those who believe it happened towards the early Vendel era. As a rebuttal to this point, it might be?convincingly argued?that this period is also referred to as the Germanic Iron Age. Moreover, this era saw the rise of Norse mythology, which is very fatalistic in nature; it focuses on a world coming to an end in a great cataclysm. Along with this fatalism comes the willingness to die. That is why warriors would go to fight in battles and combats. Surprisingly enough, not only the heroes die but so do the Gods. Therefore, the central value of this culture is glory and heroism. Having considered the fundamental premises upon which the Poem Beowulf took ground, it is also reasonable to look at the epitome of this epic poem which starts with a tale about the ancestors of the Danish king, Hrothgar who wins great fame and wealth in different battles. Therefore, he built a Mead-Hall called Herot, to commemorate his victories. The Mead-Hall took its name from a popular drink, mead, being fermented liquor which was drunk at banquets and celebrations. Herot is also a placeShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Christian Features On Beowulf3125 Words   |  13 PagesELMARRACHI 11 AMINE ELMARRACHI Professor: Dr. Robinson ENG-205 Research paper 11/21/2015 The Impact of Christian Features on Beowulf. Given, the current high profile debate with regard to dating the epic poem Beowulf, it is quite surprising that some scholars go as far as placing it during the Vendel era around 550 - 793 CE. Even though it is considered as a kind of folk tale, many are those who believe it happened towards the early Vendel era. As a rebuttal to this point, it mightRead MoreBeowulf Is The Oldest Recorded Poem1328 Words   |  6 PagesThe epic poem, Beowulf, is the oldest recorded poem in English and at 3200 lines long, comprises roughly ten percent of the surviving poetry in Old English. Although written in this language, Beowulf focuses on the feats of the poem’s namesake Beowulf, a Geatish prince, and the invading Germanic tribes in Denmark. Understood early on in the poem, these tribes have a lengthy and powerful warrior culture; a culture heavily influenced by heroic virtues, blood vengeance, and paganism. 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In this essay I hope to state clearly some of the popularly mentioned themes running through the poem, and to carefully delineate many aspects of the author’s style.    â€Å"Many critics feel that the speech of Hrothgar between lines 1700 and 1784 encapsulates the moral of the poem†¦.’He does not know the worse – till inside him great arrogance grows andRead MoreThe Separate Journeys Of Beowulf And Sir Gawain1761 Words   |  8 PagesThe Separate Journeys of Beowulf and Sir Gawain The purpose of the hero in literature has evolved through time, and there is no denying the differences of two medieval heroic archetypes, Beowulf, and Sir Gawain. In both poems, the hero is faced with several different tests, each with proposed solutions and goals. Anglo-Saxon epic and romantic stories focus on the central hero who stands alone as the ideal example of perfected chivalry. Even though there are countless similarities that both manuscriptsRead More17th Century Literature Throughout Europe1973 Words   |  8 Pagesauthors/poets tried to copy Chaucer’s style. While they didn’t take over as â€Å"the new Chaucer,† several writers became known for a variety of different reasons. It is clear in all of the works that religion and history either had a positive or negative impact on the stories being told. 1. John Lydgate John Lydgate’s works are â€Å"extremely descriptive, and he had many influential patrons including high placed noblemen and even royalty of the period† (Schieferdecker, et al.). Like many great writers of the

Solving Problems and Making Decisions †Free Sample Solution

Questions: 1. How To Describe A Problem, Its Nature, Scope And Impact?2. How To Gather And Interpret Information To Solve A Problem?3. How To Evaluate Options To Make A Decision?4. How To Plan, Monitor And Review The Implementation And Communication Of Decisions? Answers: 1. Attrition Attrition can be referred to as the voluntary and involuntary shrinkage in the number of employees working in an organization (Nalila, 2012). It creates a vacuum space when trained employees leave an organization taking the key skills, knowledge and business relationships with them. The problem of attrition is faced by companies across various sectors and it becomes a managers day to day task to reduce employee turnover. Some of the major costs associated to increased turnover are an increase in the cost of training, learning time for a new employee, inefficiency, revenue and productivity loss (Shashikala Ravindra, 2013). It is important to control attrition because when an employee leaves an organization, it indicates a clue about chances for high employee turnover in future impacting job satisfaction, employee engagement and also organizations ability for attracting talented people in the firm (Arokiasamy, 2013). 2. Reasons and Solutions to Attrition Behind every problem there exists a reason for its cause. According to Garner (2008), the major five factors that lead to attrition are people and communication, various work assignments that are allotted to them, lack of career opportunities, the infrastructure of the company the compensation offered to them, and the nature of the company itself. According to Griffith et.al (2000), there is a direct relationship between the job satisfaction and organizational commitment. An employee should be selected in to the firm through true recruitment practices, how they are managed, lack of appreciation at work place and even absence of a true compensation system. Good workers often tend to leave their jobs because of occupational stress (Ongori, 2007) The situation of the economy and the opportunities for getting new jobs are also highly influential on employees decision making (Arokiasamy, 2013). There is a change in the lifestyle and environment of preferred by the employees. Monotony does not please them and try to break away from a monotonous job, where as management in most cases treats them as commodities, trying to make a person work for two. Increased opportunities and expectations decrease loyalty among the employees (Lalitha, 2012). Source: (Naila, 2012) When the special case of UAE is considered, employee burnout is one of the major problems detected by the employers. About 63% of the directors cite that workload is a major reason for employee burnout. They also have a problem with long working hours/overtime (57%), economic pressures (37%), and lack of ability to handle both professional and personal commitments (33%), lack of recognition (29%), higher and unachievable expectations (28%), operational inefficiencies (21%), bad relationship with colleagues and managers (12%), and lack of a departmental strategy and clear and defined business (8%) (Perotte, 2012). It is a fact that the directors do not have direct control over the attrition rate in a given company. But according to Perrotte (2012), there are certain warning signs that may indicate the chances of rise in the attrition rate including coming late frequently for work, becoming less productive, disagreeing with the managers and colleagues more frequently, becoming disconnected from work, increase in leaves, and outbursts in company that are both negative and emotional. It is extremely important to take make efficient strategies to reduce attrition in a given organization. Some of the effective retention strategies involve change in practices of hiring, proper branding of the employer, managing talents, proper employee engagement practices, and conducting an exit interview to understand the reasons behind the employee leaving the company (Lalitha, 2012). Fulfilling different levels in the Maslows hierarchy by satisfying various needs of the employees in different levels will help to contain attrition. The basic needs that can be fulfilled are physiological needs, safety needs, needs of love, affection and belongingness, need for esteem, and then self actualization (Maslow, 2013). According to Negi (2013), the organization should have a corporate social responsibility towards the employees and should implement the Hertzbergs two factor theory concentrating on both motivators and hygiene factors. Managers should be trained to use their emotional intelligence to control ones emotions and then channelize energies and potentials, in a positive direction so that there will be enhanced productivity in an organization (Negi, 2013). Attrition is now a major issue that is faced by organizations across various spheres. To conclude the reason for attrition, it can be said that attrition is a result of the non-fulfillment of the needs and expectations of the employees. This need varies from employee to employee and the managers in a firm should be proficient enough and given adequate resources to analyze, understand and make decisions depending on the nature of the group he/she is guiding. 3. Decision Making Techniques Tackling voluntary turnover is essential and for this Allen (2006) has come up with a voluntary turnover model to understand the process of voluntary attrition. When there are attractive options for the employees in comparison to where they work, employee satisfaction becomes a major issue especially those who are highly valued and are in demand. Source: (Allen, 2006) Considering the turnover path in an organization, it can be four types including dissatisfaction, better alternatives, plans and no plans (Allen, 2006). Companies should form different strategies to retain then. Following table represents strategies that can be undertaken for different turnover pathways. Source: (Allen, 2008) Decision making plays an important role in retaining the employees. Planning to control turnover rates in an organization should start from portraying the image of a good employer, recruitment of the right resourceful employees into the organization, training and developing them according to the culture of the organization, talent management process, proper succession planning, and in case the employee still leaves exit interview to use the information to further improve the procedures. This requires a retention management plan on the basis of which decision should be taken. Following figure demonstrates a retention management plan. Source: (Allen, 2008) 4. Communication to the employees Retention of the employees can be easily controlled by organizations through embedding them into organizations using socialization (Allen, 2006). This is because there are chances that some special organizational and individual factors will have an influence on organizational commitment and job satisfaction that usually initiates withdrawal (Allen et.al, 2010). Following are some of the communication strategies for embedding employees into an organization. Source: (Allen, 2008). Following is a model that is required for planning and communicating a retention plan. Source: (Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, 2008) The importance of succession planning cannot be overstressed in any given organization. This is a continuous process and the following figure depicts the process of communication in succession planning. Succession planning ensures that the organization will be planned enough to deal with emergency layoffs and resignations. Following figure represents various stages in succession planning. Source: (opm, 2005) Communication is essential in an organization to make sure that there is a balance between the expectations of the employees and the employers. This process of communication is divided among various hierarchies across departments to ensure proper tests, interviews, tests, and surveys are attended to on time by the employees. Evaluation of the success of the retention program The success in the program that is adopted by the company can be analyzed through the reduction in the attrition rate. The formulae for attrition rate is ((no. of attrition*100)/ (Actual Employees+ New joined))/100 (Naila, 2012). A decrease in this rate represents reduction in the employee turnover rate of the company. Conclusion To conclude, it can be said that attrition is a problem that is faced by organization across different industries. Though employees are different from each other, their needs are categorized into categories by researchers. Being sensitive to the employees and offering them an array of opportunities helps management to retain them and keep their talent pool intact. References 1. Allen, D. G. (2006). Do organizational socialization tactics influence newcomer embeddedness and turn over. Journal of management, 32. 237-256. 2. Allen, D. G. (2008). Retaining Talent: A Guide to analyzing and managing employee turnover. SHRM foundation effective guidelines Series, 1-43. 3. Allen, D. G. (2010). Retaining talent: replacing misconceptions with evidence based strategies. Academy of management perspectives. Available from https://misweb.cbi.msstate.edu/~COBI/faculty/users/jvardaman/files/files/AllenAMP.pdf. 4. Arokiasamy, A. R. R. (2013). A qualitative study on causes and effects of employee turnover in the private sector in Malaysia. Middle East Journal of Scientific Research 16(11), p.1513-1541. 5. DeCenzo, D. A. Robbins, S. P. (2005). Fundamentals of human resource management. John Wiley and Sons. 6. Garner, G. (2008). Five attrition factors and what you can do about them. National society of professional engineers. Available from https://www.asmeconferences.org/gemc10/may08AttritionFactorsandRetentionStrategies.pdf. 7. Government of Newfoundland and Labrador. (2008). Developing an integrated talent management: A human resource management framework. Available from https://www.exec.gov.nl.ca/exec/hrs/publications/developing_an_integrated_talent_management_program.pdf. 8. Griffeth, R. W. et.al. (2000). Meta analysis of antecedents and correlates of employee turnover: update, moderator tests, and research implications for the next millennium. Journal of Management, 26(3), p.464-468. 9. Lalitha, C. (2012). Managing employee attrition-The HR role and challenge. International Journal of research in management, economics and commerce. 2(11), p.262-267. 10. Maslow, A. H. (2013). A Theory of Human Motivation. Rough Draft Printing. 11. Naila, I. (2012). Analyzing causes of attrition rate and giving the solution through Maslows hierarchy of need in BPO Industry. Commerce and Management, 1(4), p.1-14. Available from https://www.rgcresearchjournal.org/volume-I,issues-IV,October-December2012/commerceandmgt/ANALYZINGCAUSESOFATTRITIONRATEANDGIVINGTHESOLUTION.pdf. 12. Ongori, H. (2007). A Review of Literature on Employee turnover. African Journal of Business management, 1(3), p.49-54. 13. (2005). Succession planning process. Available from https://www.opm.gov/policy-data-oversight/human-capital-management/reference-materials/leadership-knowledge-management/successionplanning.pdf. 14. Perrotte, K. (2012). Four in 10 HR Cite employee burnout a common occurrence in UAE companies. Available from https://www.roberthalf.ae/EMEA/Dubai/News%20and%20Press/Documents/UAE-Employee-Burnout-Feb-2013.pdf. 15. Shashikala, S. Ravindra, S. (2013). A study on causes and control techniques for attrition rate in Indian Industry. Asia Pacific Journal of Research, 2(4), p.1-8.

Structural Design of a Building Essay Example

Structural Design of a Building Essay There are 7 different forms of structural design used to form multi-storey buildings within the building industry today, They are:- †¢Shear wall structures †¢Hull core structures †¢Propped structures †¢Suspended structures †¢Traditional framed/caged structures †¢Cantilevered structures †¢Braced structures The two that are popular and most widely used are shear wall structuresand braced structures. SHEAR WALL STRUCTURES These are made up from Concrete continuous vertical walls that are used as both architecturally partitions and structurally to carry gravity and lateral loading. They are very high in plane stiffness and strength which makes them the ideal panels for bracing tall buildings; they also act as vertical cantilevers in the form of separate planar walls, and as non-planar assemblies of connected walls around elevator, stair and service shafts. This way of forming a building is well suited to hotel and residential buildings where the floor-by floor repetitive planning allows the walls to be vertically continuous and where they serve simultaneously as excellent acoustic and fire insulators between rooms and apartments. Advantages:- †¢Tensile reinforcement for areas where tension stresses occur in †¢Walls when wind uplifts stresses exceed gravity stresses. †¢High strength concrete has enable wall thickness to be minimized, hence maximizing rentable floor space. †¢Technology exists to pump and to place high-strength concrete at high elevation. †¢Fire rating for service and passenger elevator shafts is achieved by simply placing concrete of a determined thickness. †¢The need for complex bolted or side-welded steel connections is avoided. Well detail reinforce concrete will develop about twice as much damping as structural steel. Disadvantages:- †¢Shear walls formed around elevator and service risers require a concentration of opening at ground level where stresses are critical. †¢Shear wall vertical movements will continue throughout the life of the building. †¢Construction time is generally slower than for a steel frame building. †¢The additional weig ht of the vertical concrete elements as compared to steel will induce a cost penalty for the foundations. Regular survey check must be undertaken to ensure that the vertical and twist alignment of the shear walls are within tolerance. †¢In general it is difficult to achieve a good finish from slip-form formwork systems, and rendering or some other type of finishing may be necessary. Shear wall Structures BRACED FRAME STRUCTURES Braced frames are cantilevered vertical trusses resisting laterals loads through the axial stiffness of the frame members. This is an effective way of building as the steel has a high ratio of stiffness; it is an ideal method to use in the production of multi-storey building. We will write a custom essay sample on Structural Design of a Building specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Structural Design of a Building specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Structural Design of a Building specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer A braced frame is made completely from steel, this is because the diagonal steels are subjected to tension and lateral loading. Able to produce a laterally very stiff structure by using a minimum amount of additional materials makes it an economical structural form for any height of buildings. Advantages:- †¢Girders only participate minimally in the lateral bracing action-Floor framing design is independent of its level in the structure. †¢Can be repetitive up the height of the building with obvious economy in design and fabrication. Disadvantages:- Obstruct the internal planning and the locations of the windows and doors; for this reason, braced bent are usually incorporated internally along wall and partition lines, especially around elevator, stair, and service shaft. -Diagonal connections are expensive to fabricate and erect. Braced frame structures TASK 2 There are many different materials that can be used to form a multi-story building, the two most common are steel a nd concrete this is due to both the strength and the cost of the materials. STEEL The demand for steel as a building material is growing within the construction industry. Steels high strength, ductility, adaptation to prefabrication, speed of erection, etc. , have always been attractive characteristics to consultants and developers. In today’s fast tracked construction projects where time and schedule are of essence, these qualities become decisive in choosing the type of structure to be built. At present, Structural Steel Works, Inc. offers all of the advantages of steel as a building material at the most competitive price without sacrificing quality control. Advantages of using steel:- †¢Superior Strength and durability. †¢Precise measurements, perfect angles. †¢Resistant to pest. Great protection against the worst weather conditions. †¢Steel Components mean minimal material waste. †¢Installation is fast and simple. †¢Labour costs are minimal. †¢Steel is recyclable. †¢A cost Effective material. Structural steel building CONCRETE Reinforced concrete can be strengthened by using a number of different meth ods, such as -: †¢reinforcement bars †¢reinforcement grids †¢reinforcement plates †¢reinforcement fibers Concrete is very strong in compression but not in tension so these materials are there to help strengthen the concrete in tension. The term Ferro Concrete refers only to concrete that is reinforced with iron or steel. Other materials used to reinforce concrete can be organic and inorganic fibers as well as composites in different forms. The most common method of strengthening concrete is to use reinforcement bars. For a strong, ductile and durable construction the reinforcement should have the following properties: †¢High strength †¢High tensile strain †¢Good bond to the concrete †¢Thermal compatibility †¢Durability in the concrete environment Advantages of using precast concrete:- †¢Column-Free Long Spans With fewer columns and more usable floor space, precast, prestressed concrete provides greater freedom for space utilization. Conserves Energy Prestressed concrete components can improve the thermal storage potential of a building. It effectively conserves energy required for heating and cooling. †¢Maintenance Free Precast concrete does not require painting and is free from corrosion. Its durability extends building life. †¢Resists Fire Durability and fire resistance mean low insurance premiums and greater personnel safety. Those who investigate life cycle costing will appreciate the precast concretes excellent fire resistance characteristics. †¢Rapid Construction precast concrete construction gets the job done sooner. The manufacturing of prestressed members and site preparation can proceed simultaneously. Early occupancy provides obvious benefits to the client. †¢Versatility of Design Precast concrete buildings are not only functional but beautiful as well. Numerous panel configuration design possibilities are available. Structural concrete building As raw material prices differ, so does building design. During times of lower steel prices, more steel and less concrete is used, and vice versa, but both materials are typically used together. Concrete without steel reinforcement crumbles under tensile loads. Steel on its own, without composite or reinforced concrete floors, is likewise not a preferred building method. While rebar is almost always steel, it is not considered structural steel and is described separately in the rebar and reinforced concrete articles. While both steel structures and Reinforced concrete cement(R. C. C)structures have their pros and cons, the steel structures have better strength to weight ratio than RCC, and can be easily dismantled(Steel structures, which have bolted connections can also be reused to some extent after dismantling).